rust-kernel

//! /dev: device files. (Unix's big idea: devices look like files, so `cat`,
//! `>` and every program that reads or writes files can use them.)
//!
//!   /dev/null      reads as empty, swallows writes
//!   /dev/random    random bytes (virtio-rng; /dev/urandom is the same --
//!   /dev/urandom   on modern Linux they only differ before boot-time seeding)
//!   /dev/hvc0      the virtio console: a second terminal
//!   /dev/fb0       the virtio-gpu framebuffer: pixels at byte offsets,
//!                  plus ioctls (see syscall.rs) for its size, flushing,
//!                  filling rectangles and moving the text console
//!
//! A tiny file system (`DevFs`) mounted at /dev lists them; opening one
//! gives a device-specific `File` (via `Inode::open_device`) instead of the
//! usual read-the-inode file. Linux does the same with "character device"
//! inodes whose `open` is routed to a driver.

use crate::errno::Errno;
use crate::fs::file::{File, KIND_DEVICE, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END, SEEK_SET, Stat};
use crate::fs::{DirEntry, FileSystem, Inode, InodeKind};
use crate::virtio::{console, gpu, rng};
use alloc::{string::String, sync::Arc, vec::Vec};
use core::sync::atomic::Ordering;
use spin::Mutex;

pub struct DevFs;

impl FileSystem for DevFs {
    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
        "devfs"
    }
    fn root(&self) -> Arc<dyn Inode> {
        Arc::new(DevDir)
    }
}

/// The devices that exist on this machine.
fn names() -> Vec<&'static str> {
    let mut names = alloc::vec!["null", "random", "urandom"];
    if console::present() {
        names.push("hvc0");
    }
    if gpu::framebuffer().is_some() {
        names.push("fb0");
    }
    names.sort();
    names
}

struct DevDir;

impl Inode for DevDir {
    fn kind(&self) -> InodeKind {
        InodeKind::Directory
    }
    fn size(&self) -> usize {
        names().len()
    }
    fn lookup(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Arc<dyn Inode>, Errno> {
        let name = names().into_iter().find(|n| *n == name).ok_or(Errno::ENOENT)?;
        Ok(Arc::new(DevNode(name)))
    }
    fn list(&self) -> Result<Vec<DirEntry>, Errno> {
        Ok(names().into_iter().map(|n| DirEntry { name: String::from(n), kind: InodeKind::Device }).collect())
    }
}

/// One device's directory entry.
struct DevNode(&'static str);

impl Inode for DevNode {
    fn kind(&self) -> InodeKind {
        InodeKind::Device
    }
    fn size(&self) -> usize {
        match self.0 {
            "fb0" => gpu::framebuffer().map_or(0, |f| f.size_bytes()),
            _ => 0,
        }
    }
    fn mode(&self) -> u32 {
        0o666
    }
    fn open_device(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn File>> {
        Some(match self.0 {
            "null" => Arc::new(Null),
            "random" | "urandom" => Arc::new(Random),
            "hvc0" => {
                console::OPEN_COUNT.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
                Arc::new(Hvc)
            }
            "fb0" => Arc::new(Framebuffer::new(gpu::framebuffer()?)),
            _ => return None,
        })
    }
}

fn device_stat(size: usize) -> Result<Stat, Errno> {
    Ok(Stat { kind: KIND_DEVICE, size: size as u64, mode: 0o666 })
}

struct Null;

impl File for Null {
    fn read(&self, _buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Errno> {
        Ok(0)
    }
    fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Errno> {
        Ok(buf.len())
    }
    fn stat(&self) -> Result<Stat, Errno> {
        device_stat(0)
    }
}

struct Random;

impl File for Random {
    fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Errno> {
        let n = buf.len().min(65536);
        rng::fill(&mut buf[..n]);
        Ok(n)
    }
    /// Linux mixes written bytes into its pool; we have no pool, so we
    /// just accept them.
    fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Errno> {
        Ok(buf.len())
    }
    fn stat(&self) -> Result<Stat, Errno> {
        device_stat(0)
    }
}

struct Hvc;

impl File for Hvc {
    fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Errno> {
        Ok(console::read(buf))
    }
    fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Errno> {
        console::write(buf);
        Ok(buf.len()) // what didn't fit is dropped, like a serial line
    }
    fn stat(&self) -> Result<Stat, Errno> {
        device_stat(0)
    }
}

impl Drop for Hvc {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        console::OPEN_COUNT.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
    }
}

/// /dev/fb0: the framebuffer as a file of `stride * height * 4` bytes.
/// Writing changes pixels in memory; they reach the screen on the FLUSH
/// ioctl or when the file is closed (we remember which rows changed).
pub struct Framebuffer {
    pub info: gpu::FbInfo,
    offset: Mutex<usize>,
    dirty: Mutex<Option<(u32, u32)>>, // pixel rows [first, last)
}

impl Framebuffer {
    fn new(info: gpu::FbInfo) -> Framebuffer {
        Framebuffer { info, offset: Mutex::new(0), dirty: Mutex::new(None) }
    }

    fn bytes(&self) -> &'static mut [u8] {
        unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.info.base as *mut u8, self.info.size_bytes()) }
    }

    /// Remember that pixel rows [y0, y1) changed.
    pub fn mark_dirty(&self, y0: u32, y1: u32) {
        let mut dirty = self.dirty.lock();
        *dirty = Some(match *dirty {
            Some((a, b)) => (a.min(y0), b.max(y1)),
            None => (y0, y1),
        });
    }

    /// Send the changed rows to the screen.
    pub fn flush(&self) -> bool {
        match self.dirty.lock().take() {
            Some((y0, y1)) => gpu::flush(0, y0, self.info.width, y1 - y0),
            None => true,
        }
    }

    /// Fill a rectangle with one colour (clipped to the screen).
    pub fn fill(&self, x: u32, y: u32, w: u32, h: u32, color: u32) {
        let (x0, y0) = (x.min(self.info.width), y.min(self.info.height));
        let (x1, y1) = (x.saturating_add(w).min(self.info.width), y.saturating_add(h).min(self.info.height));
        for row in y0..y1 {
            let start = (row * self.info.stride) as usize;
            let line = unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.info.pixels().add(start), self.info.width as usize) };
            line[x0 as usize..x1 as usize].fill(color);
        }
        if y1 > y0 {
            self.mark_dirty(y0, y1);
        }
    }
}

impl File for Framebuffer {
    fn read(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Errno> {
        let mut offset = self.offset.lock();
        let src = self.bytes();
        let n = buf.len().min(src.len().saturating_sub(*offset));
        buf[..n].copy_from_slice(&src[*offset..*offset + n]);
        *offset += n;
        Ok(n)
    }
    fn write(&self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Errno> {
        let mut offset = self.offset.lock();
        let dst = self.bytes();
        if *offset >= dst.len() && !buf.is_empty() {
            return Err(Errno::ENOSPC); // past the end of the screen
        }
        let n = buf.len().min(dst.len() - *offset);
        dst[*offset..*offset + n].copy_from_slice(&buf[..n]);
        let row_bytes = self.info.stride as usize * 4;
        if n > 0 {
            self.mark_dirty((*offset / row_bytes) as u32, ((*offset + n - 1) / row_bytes + 1) as u32);
        }
        *offset += n;
        Ok(n)
    }
    fn seek(&self, offset: i64, whence: u64) -> Result<u64, Errno> {
        let mut pos = self.offset.lock();
        let base = match whence {
            SEEK_SET => 0,
            SEEK_CUR => *pos as i64,
            SEEK_END => self.info.size_bytes() as i64,
            _ => return Err(Errno::EINVAL),
        };
        let new = base.checked_add(offset).filter(|&p| p >= 0).ok_or(Errno::EINVAL)?;
        *pos = new as usize;
        Ok(new as u64)
    }
    fn stat(&self) -> Result<Stat, Errno> {
        device_stat(self.info.size_bytes())
    }
    fn as_framebuffer(&self) -> Option<&Framebuffer> {
        Some(self)
    }
}

impl Drop for Framebuffer {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.flush(); // like close() on Linux's deferred-io framebuffers
    }
}